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Its Not Harry

Comment and opinion for retail investors in the UK

Portfolios

Midweek Musings – ‘The Times They are A-changing’

24th March 2021 by Mark Potter Leave a Comment

As one Nobel Prize winning poet once wrote.

A quick look at the lyrics of the famous Bob Dylan song is interesting – they are highly relevant for investors. As a ‘writer… who prophesize with (my) pen‘, I agree that the ‘the loser now will be later to win‘ is a valid concept for investing – what I call being a contrarian.

You can sing along with this week’s post and play air guitar (or even get out your Taylor or Martin)

If I asked you to name an American electric car maker whose share price has risen 43% year to date, would you think immediately of Tesla.

In fact Tesla’s share price is down 9% or so year to date (in US dollars).

The car company whose share price is up that much (again in US dollars) is one increasing its electric car production and putting its prestigious Mustang brand behind the ‘halo’ model’, which looks to be an impressive car. It is, of course, the oldest mass producer of all: the Ford Motor Company.

I have also seen several notes from investment writers pointing out that Volkswagen is making good progress with electric vehicle sales and the shares in that business are held in some ‘opportunity’ type funds.

I am not saying anything about the merits of Tesla cars versus other electric cars: I have not owned any EV yet and know that this is a subject where views are often rather partisan and nothing much to do with investment valuations.

What I am saying is that there is now a wealth of evidence that the serious investors in global stock markets are looking forward past the end of the current boom in ‘new’ (now not so new) technology champions. Shares in businesses that actually make profits, have free cash flow and generate dividends are at last coming back into fashion.

As the nobel laureate puts it:

The slow one now will later be fast; the order is rapidly fadin’; and the first one now will later be last

That could be me ‘propehezising’!

Filed Under: Markets, Monthly commentary, Portfolios

Monday Mashup – gold: hold or fold?

22nd February 2021 by Mark Potter Leave a Comment

The price of gold bullion has declined steadily in US dollar terms for some months since its peak last Summer. A decline in the value of the dollar relative to Sterling will have added an extra loss for investors reading this post, and that includes me!

Readers who own gold bullion may therefore be asking the question in the title.

Why own gold and what about Bitcoin?

I own gold bullion because some 9 months or so back, I wanted to have an asset that was not correlated with global equities and would retain value if the pandemic got totally out of control. Fixed income and physical property investments did not look like offering much value then (and they still don’t) and there was obvious demand for gold.

Gold is a commodity and generally commodities (which include cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin) don’t pay an income and won’t be worth more because an enterprise does well. The price is directly and only determined by supply and demand.

Because high value minerals like gold and high complexity assets like Bitcoin are hard to mine and bring to the market (for completely different reasons of course), the supply side is known to be limited. So in making an investment bet on such assets, one is always taking a view on the demand side of the equation.

Money ‘rotates’ around asset classes over time

What’s changed?

This is the key to working out the completely opposite path of returns for gold and Bitcoin over the last few months. We have less demand for gold (more on that later) and more demand for Bitcoin.

The latter has a new champion with a big fan base in the form of Tesla’s Elon Musk, who has invested shareholders’ cash into Bitcoin in a big way.

The other reasons for Bitcoin demand rising I can only guess, but I would suggest it is possibly our old friend ‘herd mentality’, plus a bit more of a reported positive attitude from blue chip investment houses, although not reserve banks!

The reduction in demand for gold can be attributed to several factors. The main one is that the pandemic risk is thought to be much reduced, so avoiding national ‘fiat’ currencies is less important. Another is that interest rates on US treasuries are slowly rising, implying a market expectation of inflation and/or a slowing of US government money printing in the mid-term – surely inevitable.

Although gold is an excellent inflation proof asset in the long run, it has no income yield. When risk free (as is the convention) assets like US treasuries also have no yield and could lose capital value on a rate rise, gold looks attractive.

When interest yields pick up, the short term investor would rather have the income now than the inflation proofing later, so money rotates away from gold to lower risk (now improved) yield assets.

If such investors exected a sharp rise in interest rates, they would hesitate to buy the fixed income assets, because of the anticipated capital loss, so the markets are telling us that they only expect gentle rate rises over a long period. There is some debate about that, but the collective psychology of the market is always right for the time being!

So, what to do?

One could take the view that gold is a useful core portfolio asset, offering security and diversity and over the long term is both a volatility damper because of the low or even inverse correlation with global equities, and it will serve as an inflation hedge. In that case, it makes sense to keep a modest asset weighting.

Should you invest in crypto currencies instead?

I am not qualified to add to the view of regulators and cental bankers who suggest that although these new assets are very similar in character to precious metals, the way they are traded is probably not unlike the trading of the shiny stuff back in the 19th century at the ‘gold rush’ sites. Some people made fortunes, some went on to control large parts of the market and most people were financially wiped out. In other words, retail investors ought to stay away for now.

Another point of view would be that the vaccine programmes are going well, Covid-19 infections are coming down, there will be no real double dip recession and instead a consumer boom will drive up prices and in time interest rates. That proposition would imply that owning equities, even though they are currently expensive in many markets, or even well selected property assets, is a better tactical (ie short term) option and both fixed income and conventional commodities are not likely to make money.

If you are of the latter more optimistic frame of mind, you ought to think about controlling volatility in other ways within an equity portfolio. Investing in infrastructure is something that comes to mind, given that we expect high levels of government spending, or adding heavier weightings to healthcare funds, perhaps? I am not sure I know the full answer at the moment.

I did it my way?

As for me…..

You might expect me to tell you what I will be doing.

The answer is that I will not add to my physical gold holdings and as I have cash to put into the markets when I see opportunities, the relative weighting will go down.

Aside from that, I personally see no case for selling out, but my circumstances and portfolio will not be the same as yours, dear reader, so if you own gold, you need to make your own mind up!

I hope these comments help.

Filed Under: Asset Allocation, Monthly commentary, Portfolios

Monday mashup – crystal ball gazing? Or forecasting?

28th September 2020 by Mark Potter Leave a Comment

It is easy enough to work out what investors have to worry about at the moment and to give those risks a rating on probability of causing problems – even to guess when the problems will emerge. For example:

  • The US elections – happening very soon and a risk if there is not a clear win for Trump or Biden and Trump refuses to depart even though the polls say he has lost. I don’t think which candidate wins will make much difference on its own to US stock markets, but a constitutional crisis would.
  • Covid 19 – a risk that stock markets are in effect ignoring because many players like the consequent pouring out of nearly free money that is either in effect being invented, or which will be a burden on future tax-payers (which won’t include them, of course!). This Nelson like way of viewing global economics will maybe win a battle, but like Nelson, the corporate warriors won’t be able to avoid a bullet for ever. When it will come is unclear, but I suggest this is a medium term risk.
  • Related to the above is over valuation of shares – the detachment of many companies’ valuations from a logical base and therefore the undermining of many established rules for making sound investments. This looks to me like a repeat of various past periods in recent history. Such bubbles of investment naivety usually burst without much warning. That could be any time soon.
  • And finally for Brits only (and maybe with lesser consequences for Europe) – Brexit. This one has a very easy to observe time scale. We will probably know in less than a month whether or not a deal is really going to happen and even if that is strung out as some suspect. we are going to know by Christmas. The emails I have been getting from the Foreign Office as an EU resident Brit suggest that a least that bit of government is certainly expecting no deal.

None of the above will be new to readers, I am sure, but I find it helps to keep the simple facts in mind when fighting one’s sub-coscious biases, like the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO).

When it stops raining, the sun will come out!

Of course, there are always risks, including ‘Black Swan’ events that might dent our invested wealth and blow our plans off course.

What perhaps is unusual at this time is that it is so easy to see so many risks and know that the market is not properly ‘discounting” them (ie allowing for them in valuations), except perhaps the last one, Brexit.

With the exception of some international mega cap businesses and selected mid and small cap firms, the UK stock market has performed very poorly for some time now. The relative performance of the main UK indices has been awful.

Because the Brexit risk is rapidly coming to a head, one might take the view that whatever happens, the removal of uncertainty and the ‘happening’ of the consequences of Brexit in full in 2021 will make investing in the UK a much more attractive proposition, because whenever there is major change, there are winners as well as losers. We can look for fund managers that we think know how to pick winners in a recovery situation.

I have thought for maybe 2 years that I wanted to participate in this opportunity. I bought UK value (ie out of fashion) and smaller company funds in late 2018 and 2019, thinking that the new Government was going to ‘get Brexit done’. In essence, although I did not wholly trust Boris Johnson, I though his election would unlock the Brexit process. For a while this seemed to have been a good call, but things went pear-shaped.

Even allowing for Covid 19 being a major spanner in the works this year, I was in any case misguided. I have only made money on the smaller companies fund, and given up and sold out of the value funds, because I expected to lose even more money in the near term. I would rather reserve the money in a defensive fund and buy at even cheaper prices. That sort of timing call has risks, of course, which is why I have titled this post as I have done!

I do not think any differently about the consequences of Brexit , only that my timing in buying into the most sensibly valued major stock market in the world was wrong (that happens to all investors sometimes, even the greatest). So I am once again looking for opportunities to buy UK shares at really cheap prices in the near future. I will publish some of my research soon!

Filed Under: Funds, Markets, Monthly commentary, Portfolios

Monday mashup – a half of two halves

13th July 2020 by Mark Potter Leave a Comment

In other words, global stock markets have had two very different quarters in 2020 so far. Collapse to the end of quarter one, bounce back (in most markets) in quarter two. This in no way reflects what has happened to global economies, of course.

Here is a headline from Trustnet, last week:

Gold, growth and tech: The charts showing what you should have bought in 2020’s second quarter

The article underneath reported on returns from all sectors and geographies.

The market totally out of favour, both for equities and fixed income was the UK. I have been saying for ages that the world looking at the UK now thinks it is a lost cause economically. The risks of Brexit have been compounded by the perceived weak handling of Covid 19 in England (generally the American media thinks Scotland has done better).

Now some readers may think I have ‘gone native’ as I left the UK to live in Europe quite a while ago now. But I am not referring to European commentators in the main, but to US ones. Two analysts at Bank of America even suggested that the UK may have to be re-classified as an emerging market and they supplied data to back up that suggestion. The level of government debt is rising to levels not seen since WW2, for example.

It is easy to report on where one should have invested and I hope my readers have noted my enthusiasm for technology and innovation funds and for gold, but picking the place to invest long term starting now is much harder.

When the media wrote that the Asia Pacific region was a ‘basket case’ in 1996, I started recommending it to investors and they made very good money for over 20 years. I am wondering if the UK is the ‘basket case’ now and therefore offering great value to investors?

What do you think?

Filed Under: Markets, Monthly commentary, Portfolios

Monday mashup – parallel universes

11th May 2020 by Mark Potter Leave a Comment

Is this a dream?

I have to confess at the start of this piece that whilst I am more than happy to offer you a report of the latest thinking on asset allocation decisions from the experts at Morningstar and my take on their observations, I do so whilst at the same time finding it impossible to rationalise the disconnect between the valuation of global shares (in the main) and the likely economic conditions that will prevail over the rest of this year.

I am not suggesting that I know when the Covid-19 pandemic will end or how it will progress. I am simply observing that what has happened already – ie the known level of economic damage – cannot be seen in any conceivable way as leading to anything other than recessions in all main global economies.

I think we know that much for certain, yet stock market players seem to believe they can see their way through that to justify valuations that were already overly high before any of us even knew what Covid-19 was.

What has just changed?

As I have suggested before, the medical news about the pandemic leads the economic news, so countries that have see a downturn in new cases, or even been able to contain the spread to very modest levels (like New Zealand) are able to relax quarantine restrictions. That is good news of course, but hardly implies a restart of the global economy.

Perhaps more disturbingly, in those countries where the more hard-faced capitalists or free market libertarians have sway (eg the USA and maybe the UK) or egotistical near dictators run the country (eg Belarus, Brazil), the vulnerable elements of the population have been thrown under the bus of perceived national interest (economic or pseudo patriotic).

Are we heading off in a new direction?

That being the case, we enter a new phase. If relaxing lockdown prudently or imprudently restarts some consumer activity, the depth of the recessions will be mitigated in the short term at least.

But if the pandemic accelerates (and I think few people understand exactly how dramatic that would be), then the alternative outcome would be even worse than the one that has come to be universally called ‘unprecedented’.

For the moment, some people obviously want to invest money. They may be better judges of the situation than me. If you were investing now, you might like to see what has happened in markets so far this year.

Observations from the Morningstar team in Europe

Commentary from MorningstarDownload

I have provided above a link to the full commentary for those who are interested. It is 11 pages long but includes various interesting charts. As I had the advantage of listening to a webinar giving the writers’ views directly, I offer the following extracts for your enlightenment.

  • The initial heavy sell offs in equities were reinforced by concerns about the willingness of central banks to inject liquidity and stimulate money flows. That prompted a classic rush to safe haven assets like US Treasuries, but investors soon started selling off government bonds to raise cash.
  • For a short period the only asset anyone wanted was cash. I think this was partly because people could see companies wanting to borrow and being prepared to pay much higher rates of interest just to build cash flow reserves, so plenty of attractively priced bonds were going to be issued and the big players wanted to take those up, having made large profits when the same thing happened in 2008.
  • Gold was generally an asset in favour, with a short interim sell off (possibly caused by central banks raising liquidity, but that is my speculation).
  • So at a high level, assets that sold off most were equities and high yield bonds. Emerging market equities sold off the most (they almost always do in such a situation) but the UK was not far behind because the UK is currently a market unpopular with international investors because of Brexit uncertainty.
  • In the ‘active vs passive’ funds comparison, good growth funds in the very biggest names and technology did much better than the index trackers, but most other equity funds did worse. This is hardy surprising as many trackers are automatically heavily exposed to the mega cap shares (ie largest companies).
  • In Europe earnings downgrades (ie company profit expectations) were the worst since 1974.
  • The momentum factor (good stocks keep doing well, bad stocks keep doing badly, to simplify) continued to be a noticeable influence.
  • ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) filtered stocks were favoured. This is a trend I have commented on repeatedly.

In summary, you will have had the least painful investment experience in the last 3 months if you had a portfolio biased towards large companies, technology stocks, quality companies (a vaguish concept) and those with strong ESG ratings. And plenty of cash.

I think my readers will not be overly surprised to learn that portfolios built that way look stronger in the current climate and in my view all those factors are relevant for the near future.

In the medium to long term, one ought to be able to pick up bargains that result from this shift. Momentum as a factor has had a very long run while value, companies out of favour but with strong business models, has been hugely negative.

There will in time be a refocus on companies that will do well in a recovery. They may still be in the more modern industrial sectors, have high ESG rankings and be assessed as having some ‘quality’ factors, so I am not saying that current criteria will cease to be relevant, but I think the target companies will perhaps be smaller. That concept may inform your fund research.

Filed Under: Markets, Monthly commentary, Portfolios, Uncategorised

Monday mashup – a quiet Easter?

13th April 2020 by Mark Potter Leave a Comment

If you are like me, you will have spent Easter mostly at home with maybe a short trip or two to the supermarket or a walk or bike ride, (with a mask on?) for permitted exercise. In the meantime, stock markets have been closed and the tone of the news about the pandemic has taken a distinct turn towards looking for the end of lockdowns (at least in parts of Europe) and ‘exit strategies’.

Of the latter, I suspect there are few that are complete and unsurprisingly much is I think being made up as we go along.

It’s all going to be fine … (said Donald?)

It was clear over the course of last week that investors in enough numbers to generate a sharp jump up in prices were reading the news of a slow down in virus case number growth (in the European hotspots) as heralding the end of the crisis.

The sun is coming out from the clouds and we will soon be back to ever rising stock markets…or will we?

Either that or they just think that the money being thrown at the problem by global powers is going to feed through to company profits without so much as a trading statement on the way!

I have some problems believing that this turn around is based on solid foundations.

A Spanish government minister was quoting as saying that ‘the fire is coming under control’. That is good news but it does not mean that the fire is still not slowly burning away causing continuous economic destruction, never mind the human cost.

My recall of images of places after fires have been brought under control is of burnt out buildings, black vestiges of landscape and car shells on ther way to the scrap yard.

What seems to be working

This link will I hope work for most readers

https://aatishb.com/covidtrends/?location=Lithuania&location=Netherlands&location=South+Korea&location=Sweden&location=Taiwan

The graph shows the rate of growth in new Covid-19 cases in several countries. I have omitted the US and UK because the lines are virtually straight (ie no improvement). You can play with the data, adding or removing countries as you wish.

The countries that knew how to deal with a virus because they had experience of SARS have got the situation under control quickly, with minimum economic damage. Lithuania, the country where I live, being small and able to more easily enforce and monitor a lockdown policy has also started to get improving results – the graph for New Zealand is almost identical. Other countries that made quick decisions on testing and contact tracing are doing well

The lines for Sweden and the Netherlands are added because they took a more liberal view and did not impose lockdowns. Yet. I see that as evidence that they made the wrong calls. Having very socially liberal democracies is like a democratic management style in business, not so good in a crisis.

I provide this data as a useable set because I conclude from a much bigger set of information that the virus is coming under control in some places but will not come under control in countries that are not serious about taking the right measures, be they lockdowns, testing and contact tracing and so on.

Note that I make no comment about vaccinations and effective treatments because in spite of extensive reading, I find nothing to suggest either are round the corner. I also recognise that the virus may be seasonal, if we are lucky.

This line of thinking leaves me extremely concerned about the progress of the disease in the USA, by far the largest stock market in the world and a major source of investor wealth over many decades.

A new driver for markets

There is a new way of looking at stock market direction that takes account of the massive flows into passive or index tracking funds over recent years. There was a fear that such funds might struggle to remain ‘liquid’ in a severe market correction, but so far that difficulty has not happened. Some have become dislocated in pricing terms from the indices they were supposed to be tracking, but this has only been temporary.

Of course, a simple tracker will have been exposed to the full volatility of the index it is tracking and may have lost more money than a managed fund covering that range of shares or bonds. But the multi asset passive funds have generally lost only a little more than managed funds in their peer group and still retain their long term performance advantage, partly a consequence of their low fees.

As passive fund investing has become more sophisticated, I have come around to seeing it as a useful option in the investor’s toolkit.

It seems to me that nothing that has happened over the last few weeks is going to permanently dent the enthusiasm of investors for this sort of investment product and that has consequences for the trading patterns of the markets.

If there are huge sums in funds run by computer algorithms, that money is bound to follow market changes (because the algorithms are programmed to do that).

If for example, traders who are still making decisions place enough orders for Apple shares to push the price up a bit, vast sums of money will potentially flow into Apple shares from passive fund algorithms looking to rebalance their asset mixes, or set up to react to ‘trigger’ information.

It is not possible to easily work out the precise impact of the passive funds – it seems to me to be the sort of subject someone might get a Nobel prize for – but there are many commentators who believe it is a significant contributor to market direction. It may add to volatility. It certainly makes ‘momentum’ a factor to allow for in making decisions.

What is perhaps most worrying is that it looks like passive investing could be the trend that destroys ‘value’ investing. If no-one really sees a case for valuing companies on the potential future growth of profits and dividends from a good value (ie cheap) base point, then all sorts of classic investment models will fail.

If you want to re-invest, where to look?

Funds-examples-0420Download

If you look at the chart offered here for download you will see a wide variety of recent returns, although the ‘systemic’ risk shows in all the lines. This is just a sample to make a point

The ‘value’ fund shown (e) – the well known and once much loved M&G Recovery fund has seen a severe loss of value. Biotech and IT company biased funds (d and c) have done much better – no surprise there. The UK and Europe (a and b) and for that matter most global markets only measured geographically have seen similar declines, but here there are differences because of currency and I think because of Covid-19 impact, although I have no evidence to prove that.

So, let’s all buy the most sold off fund? I don’t think so, although that would have worked in the past. We need to think about what will happen to markets in the future, based on what we know now, which is why I have presented the analysis above. The investment world may have been through a permanent change.

Maybe the more expensive (in relative terms) bio-tech stocks are going to be favoured because of rather simplistic decision making by investors feeding into biotech ETFs and other low cost tracker funds. It might be that there is actually no improvement in the success or profitability of the shares making up some bio-tech index but the wall of money that might be heading there will push up prices anyway.

What do you think?

I can’t say that at this moment I know the answer the question posed in the heading, but I know what I am keeping an eye on! I am happy to explore these ideas with readers in more detail if it will help them in their research and asset allocation work.

PS

20200330_top_to_bottom_coronavirus_2Download

This may be of interest to readers! (Source: Trustnet)

Filed Under: Education, Markets, Portfolios

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